前言
肥胖(obesity)是一種疾病,其發(fā)病率日益增高,嚴(yán)重危害著人們的身心健康。肥胖的發(fā)生是機(jī)體能量代謝失調(diào)的結(jié)果,其確切發(fā)病機(jī)制尚未完全明了,目前認(rèn)為,與遺傳、環(huán)境因素、中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)異常、內(nèi)分泌功能紊亂、代謝因素和營(yíng)養(yǎng)不平衡等有關(guān)。研究肥胖病及其相關(guān)疾病的發(fā)生機(jī)制和防治措施,已成為21世紀(jì)迫切的科學(xué)研究任務(wù)。
部分造模方法
使用動(dòng)物:小鼠
【造模機(jī)制】:
是Ay在KK小鼠品系基礎(chǔ)上,發(fā)生Agouti(A)基因突變導(dǎo)致的一個(gè)小鼠品系。Ay基因在KK小鼠體內(nèi)廣泛表達(dá),Ay蛋白被認(rèn)為是黑皮質(zhì)素4受體(melanocortin 4 receptor)的拮抗劑,因此可以抑制黑素細(xì)胞刺激激素信號(hào),從而影響能量平衡調(diào)節(jié)。
【模型特點(diǎn)】:
KK-Ay小鼠在2月齡時(shí),體重可以達(dá)到45g左右,可以被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)中度肥胖的模型,當(dāng)小鼠達(dá)到4~5月齡時(shí),體重基本上穩(wěn)定在50~60g左右,其中脂肪組織占總體重的33%左右。另外,需要注意的是,此小鼠品系會(huì)伴有糖尿病。
【模型的評(píng)估和應(yīng)用】:
KK-Ay小鼠的肥胖和糖尿病的發(fā)生發(fā)展和人類相似,廣泛應(yīng)用于藥物的非臨床研究。
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